| Abu Dhabi (ADGM) | ADGM FSRA Financial Services Permission (FSP) | USD 250,000–500,000 base plus EBCM | USD 1.1–3.0m | 6–18 months | 9% | Clear |
| Antigua and Barbuda | Digital Asset Business licence (activity-based) + renewable Sandbox licence | No fixed paid-up share capital in the Act for the company. Statutory deposit (minimum risk capital) scaled by activity and client assets under management: EC$50,000-100,000 (~US$18,500-37,000) most categories; EC$100,000-300,000 (~US$37,000-111,000) for an exchange, by turnover band. Held as cash, a bank line of credit, or liability insurance, deposited with or approved by the Commission | Illustrative all-in Year-1 cash outlay roughly US$30,000-US$60,000+ (non-exchange, smallest band, excluding the locked statutory deposit); exchange materially higher | 2–4 months | 25% | Clear |
| Argentina | PSAV (Virtual Asset Service Provider) registration with the CNV; mandatory, 5 activity categories | Minimum net worth by category: USD 150,000 (Cat. 1, 2, 4); USD 75,000 (Cat. 3); USD 35,000 (Cat. 5). Halved (to USD 75,000 / 37,500 / 17,500) where the provider transacts less than USD 2,500,000 over the prior 12 months. Client virtual assets are segregated and excluded from net worth (Article 16). | USD 25,000–60,000 | 3–6 months | 35% | Clear |
| Australia | AUSTRAC DCE/VASP registration + ASIC AFSL + DAP/TCP (from 9 Apr 2027) | None (AUSTRAC) / AUD 50,000 NTA (AFSL base) | AUD 250,000–600,000 + capital lock-up | 5–8 months | 30% | Clear |
| Bahamas | Digital asset business registration under DARE (2 fee classes: digital asset exchange; all other digital asset businesses) plus token offering filings | No fixed statutory minimum; DARE s.15 sufficient-financial-resources test, case-by-case SCB assessment | 47,000–150,000 USD | 3–6 months | 0% | Clear |
| Belize | Digital Asset Services Licence | No bespoke digital-asset capital figure in SI 162/2025; reg.6(1) requires compliance with the FSC (Capital Requirements) Regulations 2020 and the Economic Substance Act 2019, proportionate to risk and scale. No crypto-specific paid-up capital figure published as of June 2026. Circulating USD 75,000-500,000 figures relate to forex/securities/IFSC-era licences, not the digital asset licence | USD 20,000 government fees (USD 5,000 application + USD 15,000 licence under SI 162/2025 Schedule); plus professional setup, capital and substance costs | 3–6 months | 0% | Clear |
| Bermuda | DABA Digital Asset Business Licence (Class T / Class M / Class F) | USD 100,000 baseline net assets (Class M, Class F); USD 10,000 (Class T); BMA discretion to direct materially higher amounts based on activity, scale, and risk | USD 600,000–1,500,000 (Class F) | 6–12 months | 0% | Clear |
| British Virgin Islands | VASP Registration | None | USD 40,000–156,000 | 4–6 months | 0% | Grey-listed |
| Bulgaria | MiCA CASP authorisation | EUR 50,000 | EUR 75,000-EUR 200,000+ (excl. paid-in capital); Class 1 ~EUR 75,000-120,000, Class 3 ~EUR 200,000-350,000+ | 4–9 months | 10% | Grey-listed |
| Canada | Dual-track: CSA securities registration (restricted dealer / investment dealer) + CIRO membership, plus FINTRAC money services business (MSB) registration; no single unitary crypto licence | CAD 50,000 (registered dealer, NI 31-103); none for a FINTRAC-only MSB | CAD 250,000–600,000+ (full registered platform: capital, regulator/CIRO fees, legal, compliance build, custody, insurance) | 12–24 months | 26.5% | Clear |
| Cayman Islands | VASP Registration or Licence (dual-track) | None (statutory) | USD 150,000–500,000 (Registration) / 300,000–1,500,000+ (Licence) | 3–12 months | 0% | Clear |
| Comoros (Anjouan) | International Brokerage and Clearing House Licence with crypto activities certificate | No fixed minimum | USD 20,000 to USD 50,000 indicative (working planning number USD 30,000 to USD 50,000 including banking infrastructure) | 1–2 months | 0% | Clear |
| Costa Rica | No crypto licence; SUGEF VASP AML registration (voluntary APNFD today; mandatory under Article 15 quater post-Expediente 25.340) | No fixed minimum (nominal CRC 10,000–100,000 declared in practice) | USD 6,500–18,000 (entity + advisory + APNFD inscription + first-year ongoing; banking excluded) | 3–6 months | 30% | Clear |
| Cyprus | MiCA CASP authorisation | €50,000 | €350,000–€700,000 | 8–14 months | 15% | Clear |
| Czech Republic | MiCA CASP authorisation | €50,000 (Class 1) / €125,000 (Class 2) / €150,000 (Class 3) per MiCAR Annex IV | €200,000–€475,000 (excluding initial capital) | 9–18 months | 21% | Clear |
| Dominica | Virtual Asset Business certificate of registration (single type) | No fixed minimum capital. The 2024 Regulations (reg 6) require capital and liquidity adequate to the nature, size and complexity of the business; the FSU may require additional capital/liquidity by written notice on the risk profile. Quasi-capital protections: 40% of total client funds in escrow with a registered trust/custodial provider (Act s11); custodian must hold more of each virtual asset than its client obligations (reg 10); mandatory insurance on FSU terms (reg 25) | Government fees EC$43,200 (application EC$10,800 + registration EC$32,400) ~USD 16,000; professional costs (formation, resident representative, AML build, insurance, banking) separate and not publicly benchmarked because no registrant is on the public record | 3–6 months | 25% | Clear |
| El Salvador | CNAD Digital Asset Service Provider (DASP / PSAD) registration | USD 2,000 paid-in (general Salvadoran corporate law); 5% (USD 100) payable at incorporation, balance within 12 months. CNAD may require additional capital based on risk profile | USD 60,000–120,000 | 3–6 months | 0% | Clear |
| Estonia | MiCA CASP authorisation | €50,000 | €80,000–€220,000 | 6–12 months | 0% | Clear |
| Georgia | Virtual Asset Service Provider (VASP) registration with the National Bank of Georgia, by activity | None (statutory). No VASP-specific minimum capital; a Georgian LLC can be formed with nominal share capital. NBG assesses financial soundness case-by-case where client assets are held. Separately, general company law requires a JSC to have GEL 100,000 authorised capital (25% paid in), but an LLC has no minimum. | USD 15,000–40,000 (incl. GEL 5,000 state fee, formation, legal, AML/CFT documentation, registered office) | 2–4 months | 15% | Clear |
| Gibraltar | DLT Provider Licence (custodial) / Virtual Asset Arrangement Provider Licence (non-custodial, from 27 October 2025) | No fixed statutory minimum; risk-based under Principle 3; market practice £100,000–£250,000+ for low-complexity firms, £1m+ for full custodial exchanges | £250,000–£800,000+ | 9–12 months | 15% | Clear |
| Hong Kong | SFC VATP licence (SFO Type 1 + Type 7 + AMLO Part 5B) | HKD 8m (5m paid-up + 3m liquid) | HKD 15m–23m incl. capital; HKD 7m–15m operating ex capital | 12–18 months | 16.5% | Clear |
| Ireland | MiCA CASP authorisation (Class 1/2/3) | EUR 50,000 | ~EUR 350,000-800,000+ ex-capital (credible Class 2/3, professional route) | 12–18 months | 12.5% | Clear |
| Kazakhstan | AIFC Digital Asset Service Provider (DASP) authorisation | USD 10,000 (Advising on Investments / Arranging Deals / Arranging Custody) to USD 250,000 (Providing Custody, Dealing as Principal) | USD 90,000–180,000 (incl. AFSA fees, formation, legal, compliance, substance, technology audit; excl. capital deposit) | 4–12 months | 0% | Clear |
| Kyrgyzstan | Virtual Asset Exchange Operator (AVA) / Virtual Asset Trading Operator (ATOC) authorisation | KGS 40,000,000 (~USD 460,000) for AVA exchange office; KGS 300,000,000 (~USD 3.4M) for ATOC trading operator from 01 July 2026 | USD 35,000-65,000 advisory + paid-up capital | 2–3 months | 10% | Clear |
| Labuan (Malaysia) | Money Broking Business with Digital Asset activity (primary); also Credit Token, STO Issuer, Securities Licensee, Fund Manager, Section 134 Exchange, Payment System Operator | RM 300,000 (Fund Manager working funds); RM 500,000 (STO Issuer); RM 1,000,000 (Credit Token / Securities Licensee); RM 1,500,000 (Money Broker DA, primary pathway) | USD 90,000–USD 250,000 (range across pathways and complexity) | 4–6 months | 3% | Clear |
| Latvia | MiCA CASP authorisation | EUR 50,000 (Class 1) / EUR 125,000 (Class 2) / EUR 150,000 (Class 3) | EUR 185,000-EUR 500,000 (incl. capital, government fees, legal, MLRO, substance) | 6–9 months | 0% | Clear |
| Lithuania | MiCA CASP authorisation | €50,000 | €124,000–€420,500 | 4–8 months | 17% | Clear |
| Malta | MiCA CASP authorisation | €50,000 | €350,000–€900,000 | 9–18 months | 35% | Clear |
| Marshall Islands | DAO LLC (non-profit or for-profit), standard LLC, IBC. No active VASP licensing regime | No fixed minimum | USD 11,500-25,000 | 2–5 months | 0% | Clear |
| Mauritius | VASP licence (Classes M, O, R, I, S) + ITO issuer registration | Class M MUR 2,000,000 (~USD 44,000); Class R MUR 5,000,000 (~USD 110,000); Class S MUR 6,500,000 (~USD 145,000); Classes O and I and ITO issuer have no fixed floor (sufficient working capital, Class O on a 12-month forward test) | ~USD 55,000-150,000 (Class S full exchange); ~USD 30,000-60,000 (Class O/I build), excluding paid-in class capital | 6–9 months | 15% | Clear |
| Nevis (Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis) | VASP Registration (federation regime; no Nevis-specific instrument) | None fixed in the Act; client-asset coverage required (s.9(1)) or undertaking for out-of-jurisdiction assets (s.9(2)); 15% client-fund escrow with a registered trust company (s.9A, 2021 amendment) | EC$240,000-EC$340,000 (approx. US$89,000-US$126,000) including government fees, structuring, and compliance | 3–6 months | 25% | Clear |
| New Zealand | FSPR registration + DIA AML/CFT supervision (no dedicated crypto licence) | None | NZD 50,000–150,000 | 4–6 months | 28% | Clear |
| Oman | Interim VASP registration (AML/CFT); full VASP licence under the VARF pending | No published VASP minimum capital figure as of June 2026. The VARF, which would set capital tiers, remains in draft; minimum capital was a 2023 consultation question but no number has been set | Not published. No VASP registration fee released; the VARF (which would set licence and annual fees) remains in draft. Budget covers Omani entity formation, legal and AML build, and audit readiness | 1–1 months | 15% | Clear |
| Panama | No dedicated crypto licence (structured under general corporate + AML law) | No fixed minimum. Standard S.A. authorised capital USD 10,000 (not required to be paid in) | USD 8,000-25,000 | 2–4 months | 25% | Clear |
| Poland | MiCA CASP Authorisation (regime not yet operational; KNF not yet accepting applications as of June 2026) | €50,000 (Class 1) / €125,000 (Class 2) / €150,000 (Class 3) under MiCA Annex IV | ~€124,000 (Class 1) / ~€281,000 (Class 2) / ~€423,000 (Class 3), indicative of a MiCA CASP authorisation via an operational EU regime; Polish KNF fees not yet fixed | 4–8 months | 19% | Clear |
| Portugal | MiCA CASP Authorisation | €50,000 (Class 1) / €125,000 (Class 2) / €150,000 (Class 3) | €135,000–€443,000 (Year-1 total incl. locked own-funds capital, varies by service class) | 6–12 months | 19% | Clear |
| Romania | MiCA CASP authorisation | EUR 50,000 / EUR 125,000 / EUR 150,000 by MiCA Annex IV class, or 25% of fixed overheads, whichever is higher | EUR 100,000-EUR 220,000 | 6–9 months | 16% | Clear |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | VASP Registration | None prescribed in the Act (s.18 reserves power to set capital regulations to the Minister, not yet exercised as of May 2026) | EC$240,000-EC$340,000 (approx. US$89,000-US$126,000) including government fees, structuring, and compliance | 4–9 months | 25% | Clear |
| Saint Lucia | Virtual Asset Business Licence | No published statutory minimum capital figure on the face of the VABA; 15% client-fund escrow required (s.12(1)). Capital floors prescribed in SI No. 37 of 2025 (gazetted text not text-extractable as of May 2026); adequacy assessed against three-year financial projections and risk profile | USD 35,000-65,000 | 4–6 months | 30% | Clear |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Virtual Asset Business (VAB / VASP) registration | EC$300,000 registered share capital, of which EC$50,000 (~USD 18,500) must be paid up; minimum paid-up capital of EC$50,000 maintained on an ongoing basis. Separate statutory deposit of EC$100,000 (~USD 37,000) or 25% of financial obligations to clients, whichever is greater (refundable) | Government EC$16,000 (application EC$4,000 + registration EC$12,000, approx. USD 5,980); advisor-reported all-in roughly USD 50,000-80,000+ for a three-to-four-officer application incl. statutory deposit, PI insurance, due-diligence levies and professional fees (not gazetted) | 3–4 months | 30% | Clear |
| Seychelles | VASP Licence (four categories: Virtual Asset Wallet Provider, Virtual Asset Exchange, Virtual Asset Broking, Virtual Asset Investment Provider) | USD 25,000–100,000 paid-up by category (Schedule, SI 72 of 2024): Wallet Provider USD 75,000, Exchange USD 100,000, Broking USD 50,000, Investment Provider USD 25,000; from the beginning of year 3, additionally at least 2.5% of annual turnover where that exceeds the category minimum | USD 55,000–158,000 (excl. paid-up capital); FSA fees in SCR (application SCR 75,000 + registration SCR 22,500 + Year-1 annual licence fee SCR 75,000–375,000 by category) | 3–6 months | 1.5% | Clear |
| Singapore | MAS Payment Services Act DPT service licence: Standard Payment Institution (SPI) or Major Payment Institution (MPI); plus FSM Act 2022 Part 9 Digital Token Service Provider (DTSP) regime for Singapore-based providers serving only overseas customers | SGD 100,000 base capital (SPI); SGD 250,000 base capital (MPI), plus SGD 100,000–200,000 MPI security deposit | SGD 1,500,000–3,000,000+ all-in (incl. base capital and MPI security deposit) | 9–12 months | 17% | Clear |
| Slovakia | MiCA CASP authorisation | €50,000 | €40,000–€85,000 | 3–9 months | 10% | Clear |
| South Africa | Crypto Asset FSP authorisation (FAIS Category I; Category II for discretionary) | No fixed monetary minimum for Category I advice-only | ZAR 750,000–2,800,000 (~EUR 37,000–140,000) | 6–12 months | 27% | Clear |
| Spain | MiCA CASP Authorisation | EUR 50,000 (Class 1) / EUR 125,000 (Class 2) / EUR 150,000 (Class 3) | ~EUR 158,000 (Class 1) to ~EUR 510,000 (Class 3), incl. locked own-funds capital | 5–9 months | 25% | Clear |
| Switzerland | No single crypto licence. Activity-based, five authorisation routes: SRO affiliation under AMLA (AML only, no FINMA licence); FinTech licence (Banking Act Art. 1b); securities-firm licence (FinIA); DLT trading facility licence (FinMIA Arts. 73a ff); full banking licence (Banking Act). FinIA reform (consultation closed 6 Feb 2026) would replace the FinTech licence with new Payment Institution and Crypto Institution categories from ~2027 | Route-dependent. SRO/AML route: none fixed (adequate operating funds still required). FinTech licence: CHF 300,000 and 3% of public deposits held. Securities-firm licence: CHF 1.5 million. DLT trading facility: CHF 1m (no custody/settlement/clearing), CHF 5m (with them), CHF 500,000 floor for small facilities. Banking licence: CHF 10 million (often higher in practice) | SRO route ~CHF 20,000–60,000+; FinTech licence ~CHF 200,000–500,000+; banking-grade / DLT trading facility CHF 1m+ (all excluding regulatory capital) | 2–24 months | 11.7% | Clear |
| United Arab Emirates | VARA VASP / ADGM FSP / DFSA Crypto Token (3 regulators) | AED 100,000 (VARA Advisory floor) | AED 1.5–10m (USD 410k–2.7m) | 4–18 months | 9% | Clear |
| United Kingdom | FCA cryptoasset registration under the Money Laundering Regulations 2017 (live now, AML-only); FSMA authorisation for regulated cryptoasset activities from 25 October 2027 | None for the live MLR registration. Proposed FSMA own funds (permanent minimum requirement, PMR, from 25 October 2027): £75,000 dealing as agent / arranging deals; £150,000 custody, trading platform, or staking; £350,000 qualifying stablecoin issuer (highest figure applies where both stablecoin issuance and custody are carried out). Own funds = highest of PMR, fixed overhead requirement, and K-factor requirement; figures are proposals (CP25/14, CP25/42) as of June 2026, not final rules. | £150,000–£500,000 advisory and compliance (Year-1, excluding own funds) | 9–18 months | 25% | Clear |
| Uzbekistan | NAPP crypto licence (activity-specific: crypto-exchange / crypto-store / crypto-depository / mining-pool) | 5,000 BCV (~USD 144,000) for crypto-exchange, of which 3,000 BCV (~USD 86,500) reserved in a separate Uzbek commercial-bank account at the date of application; not numerically specified for crypto-store / crypto-depository / mining-pool on the NAPP page | USD 200,000-2,800,000 (varies by licence category) | 3–6 months | 0% | Clear |
| Vanuatu | VASP Licence (Classes D, D.1, D.2, D.3, D.4) + ITO Licence | VT 200,000,000 (≈ USD 1.69m at May 2026) | USD 1.5m–1.9m for one class, excluding capital (VFSC fees + on-island substance + advisory); ~USD 3.2m–3.6m including the VT 200m capital | 9–15 months | 0% | Clear |