| Abu Dhabi (ADGM) | Onshore | USD 20,000-28,000 all-in Year 1 for a non-financial ADGM Ltd (flexi-desk, one visa); headline Category B government fee from ~USD 5,800; SPV ~USD 4,000-8,000; FSRA-regulated USD 50,000-200,000+ | SPV 2-3 weeks; non-financial commercial Ltd 4-6 weeks once documents and the office lease are in place; FSRA-regulated 4-6 months running in parallel with and beyond incorporation | 9% | No | Clear |
| Antigua and Barbuda | Offshore | USD 1,500 to 3,500 (all-in, via licensed agent) | 1 to 2 weeks (via licensed registered agent); name approval 2-4 business days; Certificate of Incorporation 3-5 business days after complete filing | 0% | No | Clear |
| Argentina | Onshore | USD 3,000-8,000 all-in for a foreign-owned SA/SRL (professional formation, local representative, apostille and translation chain, accounting/CPA); excludes premium resident-director bundles and SA paid-in capital | SRL realistic end-to-end ~2-6 weeks; SA ~30-60 days; SAS ~3-8 business days with model bylaws but excluded for crypto. Banking adds materially more for a non-resident-owned or crypto entity | 35% | No | Clear |
| Australia | Onshore | AUD 12,000-20,000 all-in (non-resident, serviced resident-director arrangement) approx $8K-13K | 1 to 3 business days (ASIC online filing); 1 to 4 weeks realistic end-to-end for non-resident-owned company | 30% | No | Clear |
| Bahamas | Offshore | US$2,500 to US$5,000 (all-in, via licensed agent) | 1 to 5 business days (online filing via a licensed agent) | 0% | Yes | Clear |
| Belize | Offshore | USD 900 to USD 1,500 all-in (government fee from USD 150, plus agent, office and apostille) | 1 to 3 business days to incorporation once KYC clears, online via OBRS through a licensed registered agent | 0% | Yes | Clear |
| Bermuda | Offshore | US$8,000 to US$20,000 all-in (standard exempted company, June 2026) | 3 to 7 business days (BMA ownership approval gates the timeline; name reservation in ~24 hours) | 0% | Yes | Clear |
| British Virgin Islands | Offshore | US$1,500 to US$3,500 (all-in, via licensed agent) | 1 to 5 business days (registered agent, electronic filing) | 0% | Yes | Grey-listed |
| Bulgaria | Onshore | EUR 1,500-3,000 all-in (coordinated remote formation, banking, and first-year accounting) | 1-3 business days (registry decision); 2-3 weeks end-to-end for remote formation via POA; 3-6 weeks if bank capital account is on the critical path | 10% | No | Grey-listed |
| Canada | Onshore | From CAD 2,500 (USD 1,800) all-in for a non-resident-managed corporation | 1 business day at the registry; 2-3 weeks all-in with business number, tax accounts and banking | 26.5% | No | Clear |
| Cayman Islands | Offshore | US$4,000 to US$10,000 all-in, via licensed agent | 1 to 7 business days (24-hour express incorporation available for an additional fee) | 0% | Yes | Clear |
| Comoros (Anjouan) | Offshore | ~USD 1,500-3,500 all-in via a licensed agent (registered office, government fee, consular legalisation); indicative only, no official fee schedule is verifiable | About 3 to 7 business days to incorporation through a licensed registered agent once KYC clears; materially longer once consular legalisation and banking are included | 0% | No | Clear |
| Costa Rica | Onshore | US$2,000 to 5,000 (realistic all-in, serviced non-resident structure, as of June 2026) | One to four weeks, end to end | 30% | Yes | Clear |
| Cyprus | Onshore | EUR 2,000-4,000 all-in (registered office, secretary, accounting); EUR 165 government fee + EUR 49 Bar stamp | 5-10 working days (1-2 working days expedited); 2-6 weeks to be operational with banking | 15% | No | Clear |
| Czech Republic | Onshore | EUR 1,800-3,000 all-in (state and notary fees ~EUR 400, formation assistance EUR 600-1,000, virtual office EUR 400-800, accounting EUR 600-1,200) | 5-10 business days (notary direct-registration route); express registration within 24-48 hours available for a surcharge | 21% | No | Clear |
| Dominica | Offshore | US$1,500 to US$2,500 (all-in, first year) | 1 to 2 weeks (registered-agent filing); allow 3 to 4 weeks where source-of-funds review or banking runs in parallel | 25% | No | Clear |
| Dubai, United Arab Emirates | Onshore | AED 30,000-55,000 (USD 8,200-15,000) all-in Year 1, including formation, one visa, office and basic accounting | Licence in 3-5 working days; full operating status with visa and bank account in 4-8 weeks | 9% | Yes | Clear |
| El Salvador | Onshore | USD 700-2,200 all-in for a serviced minimum-capital S.A. de C.V. (notary and legal, local legal representative, registry); headline government fee ~USD 185. Excludes share capital, DASP licensing and banking | About 1-3 weeks for the notarial deed and registry inscription; realistic end-to-end 4-14 weeks including tax registration and banking, with banking the gating step | 30% | No | Clear |
| Estonia | Onshore | €1,870 to €2,375 all-in (e-Residency, state fee, formation assistance, virtual office with contact person, and accounting) | 1 business day (online with digital signature) | 0% | No | Clear |
| Georgia | Onshore | ~USD 1,500-3,500 all-in for a non-licensed LLC (formation/service fee, legal address, basic accounting, annual NAPR update); excl. preferential-status application, licensing, banking | Registration in 1 business day (GEL 100) or same-day express (GEL 200); realistic end-to-end operational readiness 1-4 weeks, gated by bank onboarding | 15% | No | Clear |
| Gibraltar | Midshore | GBP 2,000-5,000 all-in (registered office, company secretary, accounting, no banking complexity) ~ $2,540-6,350; GBP 100 registration + GBP 10 stamp duty | ~3 working days standard once documents are approved; same-day option (urgency fee GBP 200, documents lodged before midday) and a two-hour service at a higher fee; several weeks to be operational with banking | 15% | No | Clear |
| Hong Kong | Onshore | HK$15,000-25,000 (about US$1,900-3,200) all-in, including formation, company secretary, registered office, accounting and the audit | Incorporation in about one hour in normal cases (electronic); most incorporations completed within a week once name clearance and KYC are in order | 16.5% | Yes | Clear |
| Ireland | Onshore | EUR 1,500-3,500 all-in (formation agent, registered office, secretary, accounting; no banking complexity); plus EUR 1,500-2,500 two-year Section 137 bond where no EEA-resident director; EUR 50 CRO online filing fee | 3-5 working days expedited (Fé Phrainn); 3-4 weeks Ordinary; 2-8 weeks to be operational with banking | 12.5% | No | Clear |
| Kazakhstan (AIFC) | Onshore | AIFC registration fee USD 300; realistic all-in Year 1 USD 5,000-15,000+ for a non-licensed Private Company once registered office, service-provider/agent fee, accounting setup and IIN are added | AIFC registration 5-20 working days, commonly ~2 weeks (AFSA cites processing up to 10 days); banking adds 2-4 weeks, 2-3 months for crypto-facing companies | 0% | Yes | Clear |
| Kyrgyzstan | Onshore | ~USD 1,500-4,000 all-in for a non-resident-owned standard OsOO (turnkey formation, mandatory legal address, first-year accounting, translations); a premium full-service provider may quote ~USD 7,000+. Excl. HTP audit, licensing capital, banking | Statutory 3 business days for the single-window registry decision; realistic end-to-end 3-7 business days, or 1-3 weeks turnkey including translation and courier time | 10% | No | Clear |
| Labuan (Malaysia) | Midshore | from USD 3,500 all-in Year 1 (formation + trust company agent, registered office, resident secretary, first-year maintenance); substance to claim the 3% rate adds approximately USD 30,000+ per year | 1 to 2 weeks end to end; registry approves a complete lodgement within 24 hours | 3% | Yes | Clear |
| Latvia | Onshore | EUR 1,400-2,500 all-in (state fee, registered/virtual office, lean accounting, incidental notary/translation); excl. EUR 2,800 share capital | 1-3 working days standard (1 day expedited); realistic end-to-end about 5-7 working days; bank account opening is the main bottleneck (weeks) | 0% | No | Clear |
| Lithuania | Onshore | EUR 1,500-2,700 all-in (state and name fees, notary where used, e-signature, registered office, formation assistance, accounting); excl. EUR 1,000 share capital | 3-5 business days (complete documents); realistic end-to-end one to three weeks including preparation, registered address, and name check | 17% | No | Clear |
| Macau | Onshore | about US$5,200 to US$6,900 all-in (including MOP 25,000 paid-up capital); registry fee alone is MOP 100 (approximately $12) | 2 to 3 weeks via notarial deed (about 5 working days expedited) | 12% | No | Clear |
| Malta | Onshore | EUR 3,000-6,000 all-in (corporate service provider, registered office, company secretary, accounting; no banking complexity); MBR fee from EUR 100 (electronic) / EUR 245 (paper); licensed or high-risk structures with banking run far higher | 3-7 working days (24-48 hours for simple structures) once the MBR has complete documentation; 4-10 weeks to be operational with banking, materially longer for crypto and non-resident-heavy profiles | 35% | No | Clear |
| Marshall Islands | Offshore | USD 1,500-2,300 all-in (standard serviced corporation); up to ~USD 7,500 with nominees and a banking introduction; excl. licensing and banking capital. DAO LLC ~USD 9,500 via MIDAO | One business day registry filing; realistic ~10-20 business days end-to-end once the apostilled, couriered document set and the agent's KYC are factored in. DAO LLC via MIDAO with a 24-hour TurboDAO add-on | 0% | Yes | Clear |
| Mauritius | Midshore | From USD 5,900 all-in (GBC); from USD 2,000 (Authorised Company) | 2-4 weeks for a clean GBC, via a licensed management company | 15% | Yes | Clear |
| Nevis | Offshore | US$1,500 to US$2,500 (all-in, via licensed agent) | 24 to 48 hours at the registry; a few days to two weeks end-to-end | 0% | No | Clear |
| New Zealand | Onshore | USD 5,000-9,000 all-in for a normal foreign-owned company; USD 12,000-20,000+ for crypto/FSP; driven by the resident-director service plus AML/CDD, not the trivial government fee | Same day to a few days for the Companies Office filing once consents and the resident director are in place; realistic end-to-end a few days to a couple of weeks, gated by sourcing the resident director and AML/CDD, not the filing | 28% | No | Clear |
| Oman | Onshore | From ~USD 5,000 all-in (excl. refundable ~OMR 20,000 capital deposit); Omani hire adds from ~OMR 3,600/yr (~USD 9,400) | 3-8 weeks end-to-end (clean single-shareholder: 3-4 weeks; multi-shareholder or restricted activity: 6-8 weeks) | 15% | No | Clear |
| Panama | Offshore | US$2,400 all-in (government franchise tax US$300, resident agent US$350, registered office US$250, formation and notarisation US$1,000, UBO and accounting-records compliance US$500) | 2 to 10 business days once due diligence is complete (resident-agent filing) | 25% | No | Clear |
| Poland | Onshore | USD 4,000-11,000+ realistic serviced all-in for a non-resident-owned crypto/fintech entity (formation, virtual office, mandatory double-entry accounting, sworn translations, UBO/CRBR, compliance); excl. share capital and licensing | S24 online about 1 business day (statutorily a few days), template articles and cash capital only; notarial-deed route 2-4 weeks, allowing bespoke articles, in-kind contributions, and formation by power of attorney. Banking is the real bottleneck, not incorporation | 19% | No | Clear |
| Portugal | Onshore | EUR 2,500-5,000 all-in (formation, mandatory certified accountant, fiscal representation, registered office); excl. share capital, licensing, banking | Same-day in person via Empresa na Hora (under an hour); Empresa Online a few days; realistic end-to-end ~1-3 weeks for a non-resident, driven by the NIF and the power of attorney | 19% | No | Clear |
| Romania | Onshore | EUR 2,500-5,000 all-in (formation, registered office, accounting with e-invoicing and SAF-T, VAT setup); excl. share capital, licensing, banking | About 3 working days for the registry decision; realistic end-to-end 5-10 working days; some county registry offices reported backlogs in 2025 | 16% | No | Clear |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | Offshore | US$1,500 to US$2,500 (all-in, via licensed agent) | 24 to 48 hours at the registry; a few days to two weeks end-to-end | 0% | No | Clear |
| Saint Lucia | Offshore | US$3,000 to US$4,000 all-in (government fee from US$400; registered agent and office US$2,500 to US$3,500) | 3 to 15 working days (registry approval 1 to 3 working days; realistic end-to-end including KYC, document certification, and apostilled documents) | 30% | Yes | Clear |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Offshore | USD 2,475 to 2,650 all-in (USD 125 government fee alone) | 1 to 5 business days (via licensed registered agent) | 0% | Yes | Clear |
| Seychelles | Offshore | From US$1,000 (rising to US$3,000-12,000+ with substance and banking) | 24 to 48 hours (incorporation once KYC cleared; KYC review typically 1 to 5 business days) | 15% | Yes | Clear |
| Singapore | Onshore | From S$3,000 (approx. from US$2,310), all-in with nominee resident director, company secretary, registered office and accounting | Same day to a few days (online via Bizfile, through a filing agent) | 17% | No | Clear |
| Slovakia | Onshore | EUR 2,500-4,500 all-in (formation assistance, notarial deed, registered office, basic accounting); excl. share capital, licensing, banking | Two working days for the registry court decision on a complete filing; realistic end-to-end 1-4 weeks including the founding deed, trade-licence step, and legalisation of foreign documents | 10% | No | Clear |
| South Africa | Onshore | USD 5,000-15,000 all-in for a foreign-owned entity (public officer, registered office, accounting and secretarial, banking facilitation); a DIY-light file with no local rep runs nearer USD 1,500-4,000 | Same-day to 48 hours for a standard online private company on a clean file; realistic end-to-end 1-3 weeks for a foreign-owned file with foreign-director certification, registered office and beneficial-ownership filing; CIPC benchmark within 21 days. Banking adds materially more | 27% | No | Clear |
| Spain | Onshore | EUR 5,000-8,000 all-in for a properly run non-resident SL (formation, NIE/NIF, registered office, accounting, VAT setup); excl. share capital, licensing, banking | Fast-track CIRCE/DUE route: registry decision 3-5 working days after the notarial deed, ~7-10 working days if NIE and bank are ready. Traditional notarial route ~3-6 weeks. Non-resident realistic end-to-end 4-8 weeks (NIE 1-4 weeks, consulate route 2-3 months) | 25% | No | Clear |
| Switzerland | Onshore | ~CHF 8,000-20,000+ all-in for a non-resident SME (notary and register, resident-director/local-management, domiciliation, accounting; limited audit if not opted out); excl. share capital, licensing, banking | Registry decision and SOGC/SHAB publication in a few working days once the file is complete; realistic end-to-end ~2-6 weeks for an international founder, gated by the blocked capital account and bank onboarding | 11.85% | No | Clear |
| United Kingdom | Onshore | From GBP 1,800 (approx. $2,400) all-in year one for a non-resident crypto or fintech entity | 24 to 48 hours (online via Companies House digital service or ACSP); same-day possible | 25% | No | Clear |
| United States (Delaware) | Onshore | From US$1,800 all-in (incl. first Form 5472 filing) | 1 business day (expedited) to approximately 2 weeks (standard); EIN adds 2-6 weeks for non-residents | 21% | No | Clear |
| Uzbekistan | Onshore | ~USD 2,500-6,000 realistic serviced all-in for a non-resident-owned entity (formation, registered agent, registered office, EDS, accounting setup); excl. any licence and charter capital | Registration itself 1-3 business days; a standard LLC can be registered online in about 30 minutes to an hour. Realistic end-to-end 1-3 weeks including PINFL, registered address and the electronic digital signature (EDS) | 15% | No | Clear |
| Vanuatu | Offshore | USD 1,200 to 3,500 all-in (government incorporation USD 150, registered agent and office USD 600-1,500, document prep bundled, apostille USD 100-300); excl. licensing, banking | 2 to 5 business days to incorporation once KYC clears; the certificate is usually issued 24 to 48 hours after document submission. Conservative end-to-end 1 to 2 weeks including KYC and apostille of incoming documents | 0% | No | Clear |