| Abu Dhabi (ADGM) | Onshore | USD 16,300-24,800 indicative (ADGM Category B government fee 5,800 including name reservation and data protection, registered office in ADGM 8,000-15,000, visa with medical, Emirates ID and insurance 2,500-4,000) | SPV 2-3 weeks; non-financial commercial Ltd 4-6 weeks once documents and the office lease are in place; an FSRA-regulated firm applies to the FSRA first and incorporates after in-principle approval, 9-19 months in all | 9% | No | Clear |
| Antigua and Barbuda | Offshore | USD 300 government fee; registered office and resident agent mandatory (IBC Act s.128), supplied by a licensed corporate management and trust service provider and quoted per case | 1 to 2 weeks (via licensed registered agent); name approval 2-4 business days; Certificate of Incorporation 3-5 business days after complete filing | 0% | Unconfirmed | Clear |
| Argentina | Onshore | About USD 570-2,200 statutory. The IGJ charge that actually MOVES is billed in MODULOS: 24 for the SRL tramite comun and 96 for the urgente (SA: 32 and 128) at the ARS 1,500 module value set on 8 April 2024, so ARS 36,000-192,000 (the urgente with mandatory book rubrication runs 160 modulos and with optional books 190). The tasa de constitucion of ARS 100 under DA 46/2001 art. 3 is a 2001 figure and is now rounding error, and art. 6 charges no annual tasa in the constitution year. Plus the Boletin Oficial notice required by Ley 19.550 art. 10 at ARS 2,395 per 70-character line, and the apostille and sworn-translation chain required by Normas art. 34 inc. 6 of RG IGJ 15/2024, which replaced RG 7/2015. That chain bites on documents ORIGINATING ABROAD, not on foreign founders: a founder who signs before an Argentine notary pays none of it | SRL realistic end-to-end ~2-6 weeks; SA ~30-60 days; SAS ~3-8 business days with model bylaws but excluded for crypto. Banking adds materially more for a non-resident-owned or crypto entity | 35% | No | Clear |
| Australia | Onshore | AUD 1,478 to 2,478 indicative (ASIC registration 636, registered office under s142, ASIC annual review 342) | 1 to 3 business days (ASIC online filing); 1 to 4 weeks realistic end-to-end for non-resident-owned company | 30% | No | Clear |
| Bahamas | Offshore | US$400 government incorporation fee under the First Schedule to the IBC Act 2000, plus the licensed registered agent and registered office compelled by s.37(1) and s.38(1) (the agent licensed under s.3 of the Financial and Corporate Service Providers Act), quoted by the agent; no defensible public all-in benchmark was found | 1 to 5 business days (online filing via a licensed agent) | 0% | Yes | Clear |
| Belize | Offshore | USD 150 official government incorporation fee (share capital below 50,000 units, per Schedule III to S.I. 152/2022; the USD 25 name-reservation fee is payable only for a reservation longer than ten days under s.25(3)), plus the mandatory s.79 registered office and s.80 registered agent at agent-quoted fees that are not in the Registry fee schedule; no defensible public all-in benchmark. The apostilled passport is the AGENT's customer-due-diligence file under MLTPA s.15, not a registry filing requirement: s.6(1) and s.9 name no identity document among the filing items | 1 to 3 business days to incorporation once KYC clears, online via OBRS through a licensed registered agent | 0% | Yes | Clear |
| Bermuda | Offshore | US$3,035 in official fees in the year of incorporation (Registrar fees 440 on incorporation, minimum-band annual government fee 2,095 and annual corporate regulatory fee 500; name reservation 100 where used), plus the registered office and any resident representative required where neither a director nor the secretary is ordinarily resident in Bermuda and supplied by a licensed corporate service provider, quoted by the provider; no defensible public all-in benchmark was found | 3 to 7 business days (name reservation in about 24 hours; incorporation filed with the Registrar through a licensed corporate service provider) | 0% | Yes | Clear |
| British Virgin Islands | Offshore | First 12 months from incorporation, excluding the first anniversary: US$825 initial official fees for a company authorised to issue no more than 50,000 shares (US$550 incorporation + US$50 register of members + US$100 register of directors + US$125 beneficial-ownership filing). Add US$550 if the first annual renewal falls within that period: it is due on 31 May for January to June incorporations or 30 November for July to December incorporations, starting in the next calendar year (BVI Business Companies Act, Schedule 1, Part III, paragraph 5). The licensed registered agent and registered office required by ss.90(1) and 91(1) are quoted separately; no defensible public all-in benchmark was found. | 1 to 5 business days (registered agent, electronic filing) | 0% | Yes | Grey-listed |
| Bulgaria | Onshore | Indicative budget: EUR 278-728 (Commercial Register entry EUR 28.12 electronic per Tariff art. 16a, the foreign notarisation, apostille and sworn-translation chain EUR 150-400 compelled by ZTRRYuLNTs art. 18(1)-(2) on pain of refusal under art. 24(1), and the registered address EUR 100-300 a year, which every company must have; submitting annual financial statements carries no state fee). Provider prices vary by profile, scope and risk. | 1-3 business days (registry decision); 2-3 weeks end-to-end for remote formation via POA; 3-6 weeks if bank capital account is on the critical path | 10% | No | Grey-listed |
| Canada | Onshore | CAD 510 to 975 indicative (incorporation, name approval or NUANS where needed, registered office, annual return) | 1 business day at the registry; 2-3 weeks all-in with business number, tax accounts, and banking | 26.5% | No | Clear |
| Cayman Islands | Offshore | About US$2,104 in General Registry fees in the first twelve months for a company registered from February to December: US$854 registration (KYD 700, lowest capital band) and the first annual fee of KYD 1,025 (about US$1,250) from 2027, due in January of each year after the year of registration (Companies Act s.169(1), Schedule 5 Part 4, as amended by SL 38 of 2026), both at the Registry's CI$0.82 payment rate; plus the registered office and licensed company manager compelled by Companies Act s.50(1) and s.50(2), which requires an exempted company's registered office to be the address of its licensed company manager, quoted by the manager; no defensible public all-in benchmark was found | 1 to 7 business days (24-hour express incorporation available for an additional fee) | 0% | Yes | Clear |
| Comoros (Anjouan) | Offshore | NO VERIFIED STATUTORY FIGURE: the ~USD 300 annual charge is reported for the Anjouan offshore authority, which the Banque Centrale des Comores names among fictitious structures claiming to issue financial licences. Agent-quoted USD 1,400-3,100, indicative only; no official fee schedule verifies these figures | About 3 to 7 business days to incorporation through a licensed registered agent once KYC clears; materially longer once consular legalisation and banking are included | 35% | No | Clear |
| Costa Rica | Onshore | About US$550 to 710 statutory (registry duties and stamps about 150: constitution CRC 46,220, book legalisation CRC 13,400, cedula juridica CRC 2,000 and the CRC 5,000 education-and-culture stamp; the notarial incorporation deed at its binding CRC 181,500 minimum under arancel art. 95(a), about 400; and the first-year Ley 9428 tax pro rata up to CRC 69,330, about 150; at CRC 449 per USD, BCCR 28 August 2026; capital-scaled stamps, the La Gaceta extract and IVA on the notary fee excluded). NO RESIDENT AGENT: Ley 10.597, published on 3 December 2024 (Alcance 195 to La Gaceta 227) and applied registrally from 4 June 2025 under Directriz DPJ-002-2025 (La Gaceta 98 of 30 May 2025), repealed art. 18(13) of the Codigo de Comercio and replaced the resident agent with a registered corporate email address. Naming one in a deed is now a registral defect | One to four weeks, end to end | 30% | Yes | Clear |
| Cyprus | Onshore | Indicative budget: EUR 325-775 (name approval EUR 10, HE1/HE2/HE3 EUR 165, and the Cap. 113 s.102 registered office EUR 150-600 a year; a practitioner-reported EUR 49 Bar Association charge on the HE1 is excluded because stamp duty on the HE1 was abolished by Law 239(I)/2025 and the amount is on no official schedule). The s.171(1) secretary is compelled, but in a single-member company the sole director may hold the office, so no service is priced. Provider prices vary by profile, scope and risk. | 5-10 working days (1-2 working days expedited); bank onboarding assessed separately | 15% | No | Clear |
| Czech Republic | Onshore | EUR 340 statutory before VAT on notarial fees (notarial founding deed EUR 166, notary's registration fee EUR 21, court fee for registration by the notary EUR 112, free-trade licence EUR 41; model-memorandum s.r.o. about EUR 145; the court route runs about EUR 455) | 5-10 business days planning estimate (notary direct-registration route); not a statutory or service-level deadline | 21% | No | Clear |
| Dominica | Offshore | EC$750 (about US$278) government incorporation fee; licensed registered agent and registered office quoted per case | 1 to 2 weeks (registered-agent filing); allow 3 to 4 weeks where source-of-funds review or banking runs in parallel | 25% | No | Clear |
| Dubai, United Arab Emirates | Onshore | AED 20,400-28,400 indicative planning range; Meydan publishes a Standard licence from AED 12,500 plus AED 1,850 per visa allocation, while establishment, employment-visa, medical and Emirates ID charges vary | Licence in 3-5 working days; full operating status with visa and bank account in 4-8 weeks | 9% | No | Clear |
| El Salvador | Onshore | USD 155 official registry charges for an S.A. de C.V. (LRC arts. 63, 66 and 71), plus the art. 21 notarial deed (500-1,600) and the fiscal domicile (200-600 a year), which bring registry, deed, and domicile to USD 855-2,355. A SAS needs no deed and pays no constitution or first-matricula fee until 31 December 2026 under DL 905 art. 10. It excludes the external auditor, a corporate organ of every S.A. under CdC arts. 289-290 with no threshold, whose report accompanies even the initial balance deposit (LRC art. 71), and the authorised accountant, both quoted per case; and a resident legal representative is NOT required: art. 260 permits a director unico, and the residency rule at art. 358(c) applies to a foreign company's branch | About 1-3 weeks for the notarial deed and registry inscription; realistic end-to-end 4-14 weeks including tax registration and banking, with banking the gating step | 30% | No | Clear |
| Estonia | Onshore | EUR 265-415 statutory (OU registration online EUR 265, e-Residency card EUR 150 where the founder holds no other EU eID) | 1 business day (online with digital signature) | 0% | No | Clear |
| Georgia | Onshore | About USD 275 to 680 indicative (NAPR registration 77-153, being GEL 200 for one working day or GEL 400 same-day, the legal address 200-500 a year, optional name reservation, and notarised documents). Excludes accounting, preferential-status application, licensing and banking | Registration in 1 business day (GEL 200) or same-day express (GEL 400); realistic end-to-end operational readiness 1-4 weeks, gated by bank onboarding | 0% | No | Clear |
| Gibraltar | Midshore | Indicative budget: GBP 410-910 (Schedule 24 registration GBP 100 plus stamp duty GBP 10, and the s.178 registered office GBP 300-800 a year). The s.216(1) secretary is compelled and a sole director cannot hold the office; the secretary is not priced. Provider prices vary by profile, scope and risk. | ~3 working days standard once documents are approved; same-day option (urgency fee GBP 200, documents lodged before midday) and a two-hour service at a higher fee; several weeks to be operational with banking | 15% | No | Clear |
| Hong Kong | Onshore | HK$3,895 statutory (incorporation 1,545 plus Business Registration certificate 2,350) | Incorporation in about one hour in normal cases (electronic); most incorporations completed within a week once name clearance and KYC are in order | 16.5% | Yes | Clear |
| Ireland | Onshore | Indicative budget: EUR 220-695 (CRO Form A1 EUR 50, the s50 registered office, the EUR 20 first annual return, which falls in Year 1 because s345(3)(a) sets the first annual return date six months after incorporation, and an optional EUR 25 name reservation). EUR 1,720-3,195 where a two-year s137 bond replaces an EEA-resident director. The s129 secretary is compelled and is not priced. Provider prices vary by profile, scope and risk. | 3-7 working days expedited (Fé Phrainn); about 2-3 weeks Ordinary (CRO processing dates, mid-2026); 2-8 weeks to be operational with banking | 12.5% | No | Clear |
| Kazakhstan (AIFC) | Onshore | USD 500 statutory (AIFC registration fee, Private Company, filed online; USD 1,500 on paper) | AIFC registration 5-20 working days, commonly ~2 weeks (AFSA cites processing up to 10 days); banking adds 2-4 weeks, 2-3 months for crypto-facing companies | 20% | Yes | Clear |
| Kyrgyzstan | Onshore | KGS 700-1,200 statutory, about USD 8 to 14 (incorporation duty ~200 KGS plus per-action notary fees ~500-1,000 KGS) | Statutory 3 business days for the single-window registry decision; realistic end-to-end 3-7 business days, or 1-3 weeks turnkey including translation and courier time | 10% | No | Clear |
| Labuan (Malaysia) | Midshore | USD 330 initial Labuan FSA fees (name reservation 30 and incorporation 300 in the lowest paid-up band), plus the licensed trust company and office services quoted separately; no defensible public all-in benchmark. Section 85(1), amended by Act A1653 section 29, allows another registered office approved by Labuan FSA instead of the trust company's principal office. The USD 1,000 annual fee falls on the first anniversary under s.151(1). Substance to claim the 3% rate adds about USD 30,000 a year, stated separately | 1 to 2 weeks end to end, up to a month with legalisation and due diligence; registry approves a complete lodgement within 24 hours | 3% | Yes | Clear |
| Latvia | Onshore | Indicative budget: EUR 375-1,075 (state fee EUR 75 per Reg. 664 Annex II.1.2 plus the Komerclikums s.139 legal address EUR 300-600 a year; notarisation, apostille and translation EUR 100-400 ONLY where the founder files on paper or through a foreign power of attorney, because s.9(1) accepts a qualified e-signature and Dokumentu legalizacijas likums s.3(2) disapplies legalisation for EU, EEA, UK and Swiss public documents). Provider prices vary by profile, scope and risk. | 1-3 working days standard (1 day expedited); realistic end-to-end about 5-7 working days; bank account opening is the main bottleneck (weeks) | 0% | No | Clear |
| Lithuania | Onshore | Known state/name-fee floor about EUR 21 electronically. The UAB notarial document-compliance tariff is EUR 210 excluding VAT (Resolution 498, item 29.2.3); other applicable acts, expenses and e-signature costs depend on the route. Item 29.1 prices a separate founding-transaction notarisation, not an automatic surcharge for every UAB. No verified overall statutory ceiling; EUR 1,000 share capital excluded. | 3-5 business days (complete documents); realistic end-to-end one to three weeks including preparation, registered address, and name check | 17% | No | Clear |
| Macau | Onshore | MOP 375 to about 650 statutory: commercial-registry inscription MOP 300 (capital up to MOP 100,000) and name-admissibility certificate MOP 65, plus notarial charges from MOP 10 per recognised signature on a private document to about MOP 285 for a public deed at MOP 25,000 capital (emoluments MOP 225, stamp duty MOP 20, deed certificate MOP 40; Ordem Executiva n.º 89/2024, Annexes III and IV, and the DSAJ public-deed service PS-1053I). The MOP 25,000 paid-up capital is HELD by the company, not spent, and is not part of this figure | 2 to 3 weeks (about 5 working days expedited); a notarial step is needed and the online route is open only to Macau residents | 12% | No | Clear |
| Malta | Onshore | Indicative budget: EUR 400-1,000 at the lowest authorised-share band (MBR registration EUR 100 electronic, plus the registered office in Malta compelled by art. 69(1)(d) of the Companies Act). The art. 138(1) company secretary is compelled and is not priced. Provider prices vary by profile, scope and risk. | 3-7 working days (24-48 hours for simple structures) once the MBR has complete documentation; 4-10 weeks to be operational with banking, materially longer for crypto and non-resident-heavy profiles | 35% | No | Clear |
| Marshall Islands | Offshore | USD 650 Registrar filing fee for a Non-Resident Domestic LLC, as published in the LLC formation instructions International Registries, Inc. issues for the Registrar (no gazetted schedule: Business Corporations Act ss.8(1) and 9 and LLC Act 1996 ss.68 and 70(3) leave fees to the Registrar), plus the qualified intermediary through which every formation request must be made and which carries out the due diligence, quoted by the intermediary; the registered agent is The Trust Company of the Marshall Islands (TCMI). A standard corporation's registry charge is not published and is quoted through the intermediary; no defensible public all-in benchmark was found. DAO LLC ~USD 9,500 via MIDAO | One business day registry filing; realistic ~10-20 business days end-to-end once the apostilled, couriered document set and the intermediary's KYC are factored in. DAO LLC via MIDAO: charter in about 30 days as standard, or under 24 hours with the paid TurboDAO add-on | NRD foreign-source income exempt; DAO tax treatment from 1 October 2026 requires confirmation; no blanket 0% or 3% rate | Yes | Clear |
| Mauritius | Midshore | USD 1,314-3,264 in official fees for a GBC in Year 1 by quarter of grant (FSC processing 600, the FSC first-year licence fee 650-2,600 prorated by quarter of grant, and Registrar incorporation MUR 3,000 about USD 64), plus the management company compelled by Financial Services Act 2007 s.71(3)(a)(iii), under which a GBC shall at all times be administered by one, and the two Mauritius-resident directors a GBC must keep, quoted by the provider; no defensible public all-in benchmark was found. An Authorised Company pays the FSC USD 950-2,000 in Year 1 (processing 600 plus a first annual fee of 350-1,400 by quarter of grant, GN 119 of 2026) plus the Registrar fee and a registered agent, which s.71A(7)(a) requires to be a management company | 2-4 weeks for a clean GBC, via a licensed management company | 15% | Yes | Clear |
| Nevis | Offshore | US$320 in official NFSRC fees in Year 1 (Articles of Organisation US$300 and Certificate of Formation US$20, XCD 810 and XCD 54 at the 2.70 peg), plus the licensed registered agent and registered office compelled by Nevis LLC Ordinance Cap. 7.04(N) s.12(1) and s.12(2), which requires the agent to be licensed by the Nevis Island Administration and to maintain the physical place of business that is the registered office, quoted by the agent; no defensible public all-in benchmark was found | 24 to 48 hours at the registry; a few days to two weeks end-to-end | 25% | No | Clear |
| New Zealand | Onshore | About USD 204-694 indicative (NZD 148.05 incorporation and name reservation at the 29 September 2026 FX rate, plus the unchanged USD 120-610 registered-office estimate) | Same day to a few days for the Companies Office filing once consents and the resident director are in place; realistic end-to-end a few days to a couple of weeks, gated by sourcing the resident director and AML/CDD, not the filing | 28% | No | Clear |
| Oman | Onshore | OMR 50-150 (about USD 130-390) in government fees for a standard LLC on MOCIIP's figures (25 December 2025), covering registration, OCCI membership and municipal fees; MOCIIP puts all mandatory costs for a small company at OMR 200-300. Itemised example at the Fourth chamber grade: about OMR 81.3 (USD 211) before the municipality licence, being the commercial registration at OMR 40 for three years for Foreign Capital Investment Law companies (item 5-bis of MD 74/2001 as replaced by MD 410/2025, in force 6 October 2025, ending the OMR 3,000 row of MD 85/2020), charged on the government portal as OMR 40.200 plus an OMR 8.100 administrative fee, and OCCI membership at OMR 33 to join (the OCCI table also lists a Fifth grade at OMR 5); the municipality licence varies by activity and location; no separate trade-name fee is published | 3-8 weeks end-to-end (clean single-shareholder: 3-4 weeks; multi-shareholder or restricted activity: 6-8 weeks) | 15% | No | Clear |
| Panama | Offshore | US$610 known floor in Year 1 on the customary US$10,000 of authorised capital: the Registro Publico charges for the pacto social, B/.10 calificacion and B/.50 inscripcion on the first B/.10,000 of capital (B/.0.75 for each further B/.1,000; Registro Publico tariff), the first US$300 tasa unica, which the Registry collects with them at inscription (Fiscal Code art. 318-A as amended by Law 52 of 2016), and the resident agent the law requires, a Panamanian lawyer or law firm whose fee may not be less than B/.250 (US$250) a year under the Supreme Court's minimum lawyers' tariff (Acuerdo 609-A of 2021, item 6.10); agents may charge more and quote per case, and the registered office is the agent's address by default. The notary's fee for protocolising the charter, with B/.8 of stamps on each notarial page, is quoted with the incorporation | 4 to 10 business days once due diligence is complete (resident-agent filing) | 25% | No | Clear |
| Poland | Onshore | PLN 2,100-5,730 estimated Year-1 S24 filing inputs for a non-resident founder: court fee and PCC plus route-specific sworn translations, certified copies, PESEL and e-signature; excludes share capital | S24 online: the registry court must decide within one day of receiving the application (KRS Act art. 20a(2)), usually about 1 business day; template articles and cash capital only. Notarial-deed route: 7-day court deadline (art. 20a(1)), 2-4 weeks end to end, allowing bespoke articles, in-kind contributions, and formation by power of attorney. Banking is the real bottleneck, not incorporation | 19% | No | Clear |
| Portugal | Onshore | EUR 220-510 statutory (incorporation EUR 220 via Empresa Online with pre-approved articles, EUR 360 via Empresa Online with custom articles or via Empresa na Hora; name certificate EUR 75-150 only where the name is neither pre-approved nor approved within the Empresa Online filing, whose fee includes that check; RCBE EUR 0); excl. share capital | Same-day in person via Empresa na Hora (under an hour); Empresa Online a few days; realistic end-to-end ~1-3 weeks for a non-resident, driven by the NIF and the power of attorney | 19% | No | Clear |
| Romania | Onshore | RON 152 per manuscript page for the Monitorul Oficial publication of the incorporation extract (2026 Gazette tariff, Legea 265/2022 art. 16(5)), paid after the registration is admitted; trade-register operations carry no charge (Art. 44) and there is no annual company fee | About 3 working days for the registry decision; realistic end-to-end 5-10 working days; some county registry offices reported backlogs in 2025 | 16% | No | Clear |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | Offshore | US$200 official registration fee for an international private company, plus provider-quoted authorised agent, registered office and resident secretary. Those private roles are mandatory, but no defensible public all-in benchmark was found for the Saint Kitts Companies Act company; published packages located under the federation name described Nevis entities instead | About 24 hours at the registry after a complete authorised-agent filing; roughly 2-7 business days end-to-end once KYC and documents are ready | 25% | No | Clear |
| Saint Lucia | Offshore | US$500 to US$800 in official fees in the first twelve months (incorporation US$100 to US$400 by quarter of application and the first US$400 annual fee, due by 15 January; the optional 30-day name reservation is US$50 and the name search free), plus the licensed registered agent and registered office compelled by International Business Companies Act Cap. 12.14 ss.38 and 39, quoted by the agent; no defensible public all-in benchmark was found | 3 to 15 working days (registry approval 1 to 3 working days; realistic end-to-end including KYC, document certification, and apostilled documents) | 30% | Yes | Clear |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Offshore | USD 225 in government fees in the first twelve months (FSA fee schedule): the USD 125 registration and the first USD 100 annual fee, due on or before the 1 January after incorporation under the Regulations, reg. 25(3)(a), plus the registered office and FSA-licensed registered agent compelled by the Business Companies (Amendment and Consolidation) Act, Cap. 149, ss.67(1) and 68(1) and (5)(a), quoted by the agent; document certification and beneficial-ownership setup are quoted per case; no defensible public all-in benchmark was found | 1 to 5 business days (via licensed registered agent) | 0% | Yes | Clear |
| Seychelles | Offshore | US$270 in FSA fees (US$130 registration and the first US$140 annual fee, due on or before the first anniversary under IBC Act 2016 s.12), plus the licensed registered agent and registered office compelled by ss.161 and 164, quoted by the agent; no defensible public all-in benchmark was found | 3 to 10 days end to end (KYC 1 to 5 days, documents 1 to 3 days, incorporation 24 to 48 hours once KYC clears) | 15% | Yes | Clear |
| Singapore | Onshore | S$485 to S$795 indicative (name and incorporation S$315, registered office under s142, ACRA annual return) | Same day to a few days (online via Bizfile, through a filing agent) | 17% | No | Clear |
| Slovakia | Onshore | EUR 280-410 statutory (first-entry registration EUR 220 under item 17(a)(2) of Act 71/1992 Coll., an a.s. being EUR 550; the notarial founding deed EUR 50-100 plus 23% VAT under item A(1) of Decree 31/1993 Coll. on the notarial route (from 17 August 2026 a notarial deed or an attorney-authorised document is required unless the simplified online form under Commercial Code s.110a is used); optional name reservation EUR 50 under item 17a(a); trade licence EUR 0-15). Excludes share capital | Two working days for the registry court decision on a complete filing; realistic end-to-end 1-4 weeks including the founding deed, trade-licence step, and legalisation of foreign documents | 21% | No | Clear |
| South Africa | Onshore | USD 171-661 indicative (CIPC registration with name reservation about 11, being R125 plus R50, and the s23 registered office at a typical provider price of 160-650 a year). The s246 Tax Administration Act public officer is a LEGAL REQUIREMENT with no grace period since 24 December 2024, negotiated with the individual who accepts it and unpriceable in advance, so it is stated and not priced | Same-day to 48 hours for a standard online private company on a clean file; realistic end-to-end estimate of 1-3 weeks for a foreign-owned file with foreign-director certification, registered office, and beneficial-ownership filing; CIPC service standard of 1 working day for a private company on the standard memorandum filed through eServices. Banking adds materially more | 27% | No | Clear |
| Spain | Onshore | EUR 430-1,040 estimated statutory charges across routes (name certificate, notarial deed and Registro Mercantil 420-1,020, plus the official NIE fee of EUR 9.84 for each of one or two foreign founders, about 10-20; the company NIF carries no fee); qualifying electronic CIRCE tariffs are EUR 150 notary + EUR 100 registrar, or EUR 60 + EUR 40 with capital up to EUR 3,100 and model articles | Fast-track CIRCE/DUE route: registry decision 3-5 working days after the notarial deed, ~7-10 working days if NIE and bank are ready. Traditional notarial route ~3-6 weeks. Non-resident realistic end-to-end 4-8 weeks (NIE 1-4 weeks, consulate route 2-3 months) | 25% | No | Clear |
| Switzerland | Onshore | Indicative budget: About CHF 2,260-6,440 (commercial-register first entry CHF 420 plus CHF 20 per person and per signing authority under GebV-HReg SR 221.411.1 Annex 1.3, FEDERAL since 1 January 2021; the notarial public deed CHF 600-4,000 at cantonal tariff under CO art. 777 or art. 629; the Swiss Rechtsdomizil CHF 1,200-1,600 a year under HRegV art. 117; issuance stamp duty CHF 0 below CHF 1m equity; blocked-account set-up CHF 0-300). Excludes share capital. Resident representation under CO art. 718(4) and 814(3) is a legal requirement priced per case. Provider prices vary by profile, scope and risk. | Registry decision and SOGC/SHAB publication in a few working days once the file is complete; realistic ~2-6 weeks to registration for an international founder, gated by the blocked capital account; the operating bank account is a separate 3-12 week onboarding | 11.71% | No | Clear |
| United Kingdom | Onshore | GBP 150 statutory (incorporation 100 plus confirmation statement 50) | About 1-8 days end to end (identity verification 1-5 days and preparation first); Companies House usually registers within 24 hours after submission through the standard online service; complex applications may take longer. Same-day is a separate GBP 156 software service submitted by 3pm Monday to Friday | 25% | No | Clear |
| United States (Delaware) | Onshore | Indicative budget: US$560 known floor in Year 1: the US$110 Certificate of Formation filing fee, the flat Delaware LLC tax of US$400 due 1 June, and the registered agent required by 6 Del. C. 18-104 at the lowest published provider price of US$50 a year; agents may charge more and quote per case, and no defensible public source sets an upper price. Provider prices vary by profile, scope and risk. | 1 business day (expedited) to about 3 weeks (standard, estimated) to formation; EIN adds 2-6 weeks for non-residents by fax or mail (issued during the call by telephone, where eligible) | 21% | No | Clear |
| Uzbekistan | Onshore | ~USD 34 to 37 statutory (state registration duty of 1 BRV, UZS 440,000 since 1 September 2026, for resident and foreign-owned LLCs alike; 90%, UZS 396,000, when filed online through the Unified Portal) | Registration itself 1-3 business days; a standard LLC can be registered online in about 30 minutes to an hour. Realistic end-to-end 1-3 weeks including PINFL, registered address, and the electronic digital signature (EDS) | 15% | No | Clear |
| Vanuatu | Offshore | USD 150 registration for the first year under s.111(2)(a) (USD 25 more under s.111(2)(p) only where a name is first reserved on request under s.4(11); the USD 300 annual fee falls from the first anniversary under s.112(1)), plus the registered agent and office compelled by International Companies Act CAP 222 s.34(1) and s.35(1), the agent licensed under the Company and Trust Service Providers Act No. 8 of 2010, quoted by the agent; no defensible public all-in benchmark was found | 2 to 5 business days to incorporation once KYC clears; the certificate is usually issued 24 to 48 hours after document submission. Conservative end-to-end 1 to 2 weeks including KYC and apostille of incoming documents | 0% | No | Clear |