Why Choose Saint Vincent and the Grenadines for Company Formation?
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines suits founders who want a fast, low-cost offshore company with no tax on foreign-source income and full foreign ownership: a Business Company registers in one to five days for a USD 125 government fee, and it is best as a base layer for holding and structuring, paired with banking arranged in advance.[1][8]
The jurisdiction is an English-speaking, common-law independent state in the Eastern Caribbean whose international companies sit on a register operated by the Financial Services Authority (FSA), separate from the domestic register at the Commerce and Intellectual Property Office (CIPO). Since the 2018 to 2021 reforms that replaced the old tax-exempt International Business Company model, SVG has cleared EU tax screening and the OECD base-erosion review, and it remains off both the FATF and EU lists as of .[5][10][12][13][19]
A Genuinely Low Cost Floor
The government incorporation fee is USD 125, with a USD 100 annual fee to maintain good standing,[1] yet in practice the government charge is the smallest line in the budget; the all-in cost is set by the mandatory licensed registered agent, the registered office, and document certification, broken down in full under Costs below. Unlike Saint Kitts and Nevis, where a Nevis LLC commonly runs near USD 1,500 all-in, SVG sits at the lower end of the Eastern Caribbean cluster. The pathway from SVG formation to a crypto or forex licence is covered on the dedicated licensing pages.
Zero Tax on Foreign Income
A BC pays 0% on foreign-source income because SVG moved to a territorial tax model on ; this is a territorial position, not a blanket exemption, since SVG-source income is taxable. A BC can also make an irrevocable election to be taxed at 1% where a treaty or banking counterparty prefers evidence of a tax rate. There is no capital gains tax, and foreign ownership is unrestricted at 100%.[6][18]
Fast, Fully Remote Formation
Incorporation completes in one to five business days through a licensed registered agent, with no requirement for the founder to travel. SVG joined the Hague Apostille Convention in 1979, so corporate documents are legalised by apostille rather than consular legalisation, which shortens the cross-border document chain.[15] A company can be formed and maintained entirely from abroad.
Entity Types Under Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Law
SVG law defines several vehicles, but two matter for crypto, fintech and high-risk founders: the Business Company (BC) and the Limited Liability Company (LLC). The BC is the standard choice and the dominant vehicle for offshore structuring, and both are registered through a licensed agent on the FSA international register.[1][8]
Definition: Business Company (BC)
A Business Company (BC) is the standard SVG offshore vehicle, governed by the Business Companies (Amendment and Consolidation) Act. It has no minimum capital, requires a minimum of one director (corporate directors permitted), allows 100% foreign ownership, and is the entity eligible to apply for virtual asset registration under the Virtual Asset Business Act, 2022.[8][2]
| Entity | Min. Capital | Directors | Online Registration | Used For |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Business Company (BC) | None | 1 (corporate permitted) | Via licensed agent | Standard offshore holding, trading and structuring; virtual asset registration |
| Limited Liability Company (LLC) | None | 1 manager (corporate permitted) | Via licensed agent | Member-managed alternative; pass-through style structuring; virtual asset registration |
| Domestic company (Companies Act 1994) | None set | 1 | Via CIPO | Genuine local SVG presence; taxed onshore |
| International trust | Not applicable | Not applicable | Via licensed agent | Asset holding and succession; outside the economic substance regime |
| Limited partnership | Not applicable | Not applicable | Via licensed agent | Niche fund and joint-venture structuring |
The common decision is BC versus LLC, and for most crypto and fintech founders the BC is the default because it is the more widely recognised offshore form and the one counterparties expect. The LLC is worth considering where a member-managed, pass-through-style structure fits the group better. Bearer shares were abolished in 2019, and registers of directors and members are now filed with the FSA.[8]
Formation Process
An SVG company is incorporated in one to five business days through a licensed registered agent, who handles name reservation, due diligence, and filing with the FSA, and the founder does not appear in person.[1]
What You Need to Prepare
| Document / Item | Details | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Certified passport copy | For each director, shareholder and beneficial owner | Notarised; apostille where the receiving party requires |
| Proof of residential address | Utility bill or bank statement | Dated within 3 months |
| Bank or professional reference | One per principal | Dated within 3 months |
| Curriculum vitae | For each principal | Brief professional history |
| Source-of-funds summary | Narrative plus supporting evidence | Banking onboarding will ask again, in more depth |
| Proposed company name | Two or three options | Agent checks availability on the FSA register |
| Business description | Activity, target markets, expected flows | Drives both name approval and later banking |
| Registered office and agent | Provided by the licensed agent in SVG | Mandatory; maintained continuously |
| Beneficial ownership details | Identity of UBOs above the threshold | Filed by the agent into the protected BO register |
SVG has been a party to the Hague Apostille Convention since 1979, so documents are legalised by apostille rather than consular legalisation; certified copies are commonly accepted if dated within three months, and all filings are in English.[15]
Engage a Licensed Registered Agent
Only an FSA-licensed agent can incorporate an SVG company and maintain its registered office, and the agent runs know-your-customer and due diligence on every director, shareholder and beneficial owner before any filing. Experienced applicants line up the agent and the banking conversation at the same time, because the agent’s due-diligence file feeds directly into the later account application.
Name and Preparation
The agent checks the proposed name against the FSA register (the FSA updates the online name index weekly) and assembles the incorporation pack: Articles of Incorporation, registered office details, and the beneficial-ownership data. Avoid names implying regulated activity (bank, insurance, trust) unless the matching licence is in hand.[1]
Filing and Incorporation
The agent files the Articles with the FSA and pays the USD 125 government fee, after which the FSA issues the Certificate of Incorporation; the founder signs documents remotely, and no in-person appearance is required.[1]
Post-Incorporation Filings
The Notice of Directors and Members is filed with the FSA, and the beneficial-ownership data is entered into the protected central register through the agent; where relevant, tax registration with the Inland Revenue Department follows.[6]
Banking and Operations
Run this in parallel with the steps above. See the Banking section for the account-opening picture and the documentation expected.[16]
Requirements
SVG formation requirements are light on local presence and heavy on documentation: there is no local director or local shareholder requirement, and 100% foreign ownership is permitted. The two make-or-break elements are the mandatory licensed registered agent and registered office, and a clean, well-evidenced beneficial-ownership and source-of-funds file.[1][8]
| Requirement | Standard BC | For Virtual Asset Registration |
|---|---|---|
| Min. Directors | 1 (corporate permitted) | 1, with a local Principal Representative resident in SVG |
| Corporate Directors | Permitted | Permitted, subject to FSA fit-and-proper review |
| Foreign Ownership | 100% | 100% |
| Min. Share Capital | None | Statutory deposit of EC$100,000 (around USD 37,000) or 25% of client obligations, whichever is greater |
| Registered Address | Registered office in SVG via agent | Registered office plus on-shore physical presence |
| Registered Agent | Mandatory | Mandatory |
| UBO Disclosure | Filed to protected BO register | Filed to protected BO register plus FSA disclosure |
| Nominee Directors / Shareholders | Permitted, disclosed to agent | Permitted, disclosed; principals assessed |
| Annual Report | Notice of changes to FSA | Plus FSA periodic reporting under the licence |
Registered Office and Registered Agent
Every SVG company must appoint and continuously maintain a licensed registered agent and a registered office in SVG. The agent is the mandatory gatekeeper: only an FSA-licensed agent can incorporate a company, and all filings, know-your-customer, register maintenance and beneficial-ownership submissions pass through them. The agent’s annual fee is the main recurring cost of keeping the company in good standing, typically bundled with the registered office. Losing your agent without appointing a replacement puts the company on the path to strike-off, because the registered office requirement can no longer be met. The real constraint here is continuity: a company that drifts out of agent coverage can be struck off the register, and restoration is slower and dearer than simply staying in good standing.[1]
Beneficial Ownership Disclosure
SVG maintains a beneficial-ownership regime under which licensed registered agents enter UBO data into a protected central online register, which is not public; access is restricted to the competent authorities under the anti-money-laundering framework. Changes must be filed promptly, and failure to file required changes carries a fine of up to USD 20,000. Nominee arrangements are permitted but the underlying beneficial owner must be disclosed to the agent, and this regime is part of what allowed SVG to satisfy the EU and OECD reviews and stay off both lists.[11][12]
Costs and Pricing
SVG has one of the lowest government fee structures in the offshore world: USD 125 to incorporate and USD 100 a year to maintain, yet the figure that matters for budgeting is the all-in cost, which runs roughly USD 2,475 to 2,650 in Year 1 and USD 1,500 to 2,000 a year thereafter, driven by the registered agent and compliance, not the state.[1]
Government Fees
| Fee Item | Amount (USD) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| BC incorporation (government) | 125 | One-off, payable on filing |
| BC annual fee (government) | 100 | Payable to maintain good standing |
| Name reservation | Included in agent service | Agent checks the FSA register |
| Apostille per document | 30 to 75 | Varies by document and provider |
As of . Government fees per the FSA fee schedule.[1]
Total Cost Summary
| Item | All-in cost (USD) |
|---|---|
| Government incorporation fee | USD 125 |
| Registered agent and registered office (Year 1) | USD 1,600 |
| Document certification and apostille | USD 350 |
| Compliance and beneficial-ownership setup | USD 400 |
| Total Year 1 | USD 2,475 to 2,650 |
| Annual Ongoing (Year 2+) | USD 1,500 to 2,000 |
As of . Ranges reflect typical market pricing for offshore registered-agent packages; figures exclude banking and any licensing costs. Crypto-oriented engagements with on-shore presence run materially higher and are covered on the licensing pages.
Taxation
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines operates a territorial tax model. Since a Business Company pays 0% on foreign-source income, with SVG-source income taxable at the domestic corporate rate of 28% (cut from 30% on ; a further reduction was announced for 2026 but not yet quantified as of ). There is no capital gains tax. The headline change founders should note is the move away from the old tax-exempt IBC model, completed under EU and OECD pressure.[6][18]
SVG has not enacted domestic Pillar Two legislation, and the OECD Global Minimum Tax applies to multinational groups with consolidated revenue above 750 million euros, a threshold unlikely to affect standalone SVG-domiciled companies. What the headline 0% does not cover is the practical need to show a tax position to banks: this is exactly why the optional 1% election exists, and why some founders take it even though foreign income is untaxed.[18]
| Tax Type | Rate | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Corporate income tax (foreign-source) | 0% | Territorial model since 1 January 2021, as of |
| Corporate income tax (SVG-source) | 28% | Domestic rate, cut from 30% on 1 January 2023; optional irrevocable 1% election available on a BC’s profits and gains |
| Capital gains tax | 0% | No CGT |
| VAT | 16% | Standard rate; domestic supplies. Foreign-facing BC services generally outside scope |
| VAT on crypto services | 16% if SVG-supplied | Foreign-facing services generally out of scope; registration threshold XCD 300,000≈ $111K turnover |
| WHT on dividends (to non-residents) | 0% | Generally exempt for a BC paying from foreign-source income; SVG-source dividends to non-residents carry 15% |
| WHT on interest | 0% | For a BC on foreign-source income |
| WHT on royalties | 0% | For a BC on foreign-source income |
| Social / employer contributions | Applies to local employment only | Not triggered by a non-resident-staffed BC |
| Payroll income tax | Applies to local employment only | Not triggered by a non-resident-staffed BC |
As of . Every rate is date-stamped to this review.
CRS and CARF Reporting
SVG has implemented the Common Reporting Standard (CRS) since 2016 under its automatic-exchange legislation, and it has committed to the Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF), with first exchanges scheduled for 2028, placing it in the same first-wave group as the Bahamas, the British Virgin Islands and the United Arab Emirates. The EU DAC8 directive does not apply, as SVG is not an EU member state. As of .[14][20]
Banking
Banking is the hardest part of operating an SVG company. A non-resident-owned crypto, fintech or high-risk SVG entity faces selective onboarding and enhanced due diligence. Local Eastern Caribbean banks are conservative and generally not crypto-friendly, and most operational accounts are opened with institutions outside SVG.[16]
An SVG entity does not carry a credibility signal with banks the way an EU or established-financial-centre entity does, and that gap is the single biggest practical factor in the formation decision. In practice, operational accounts are opened with a small set of institution types: European or UK-licensed electronic money institutions that onboard higher-risk corporates with robust know-your-customer, fintech-oriented banks in third jurisdictions accustomed to Caribbean entities with a clear substance narrative, and digital-asset-banking specialists for licensed virtual-asset flows. Each applies enhanced due diligence and asks for the same core file: apostilled corporate documents, beneficial-owner identification and proof of address, a business plan, evidence of source of funds, expected transaction flows, and anti-money-laundering policies. Budget weeks to several months and expect to make more than one application.
Jagelski & Partners’ banking partner network includes institutions experienced with offshore and high-risk profiles, and pre-qualification is the difference between a workable account and months of rejection. For an SVG company, banking is the critical next step after formation, not an afterthought. See the banking service for how account placement works in practice.
Annual Compliance
An SVG company carries light but real ongoing obligations: the core duties are the USD 100 annual government fee, maintaining a registered agent and office, keeping financial records, filing changes to directors and members, keeping beneficial-ownership data current, and filing an annual tax return; missing these can lead to penalties and ultimately strike-off from the register.[1][6]
Annual Return and Record-Keeping
A BC must keep financial records that reflect its position, and under the 2018 amendment, where records are held outside SVG the company must keep records adequate to show its financial position at the registered office at intervals of no more than three months. There is no public filing of accounts and no mandatory audit for a standard BC. Changes to directors and members must be filed with the FSA; failure to file required changes carries a fine of up to USD 20,000.[8]
Tax Filing
Since 2022 a BC must file a return with the Inland Revenue Department within three months of its financial-year end, even though foreign-source income is taxed at 0%. The common mistake is treating 0% tax as no filing obligation: the return is still due, and a dormant or zero-activity company is not automatically excused. Confirm the position for a dormant entity with the agent before assuming nothing is owed.[6]
Penalties and Strike-Off
The Registrar may strike a company off the register for failure to file required returns, notices or documents, and for companies that breach the financial-probity and sound-business-practice standard, cancellation under the FSA Act is also available. Restoration after strike-off is slower and more expensive than maintaining good standing, and penalties for failing to file beneficial-ownership or director changes reach USD 20,000. As of .[1]
Economic Substance
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines does have an economic substance regime, under the International Tax Cooperation (Economic Substance) Act, 2020, in force from and enforced by the Comptroller of Inland Revenue. It is real, but narrower in practical bite than the British Virgin Islands or Cayman regimes, because it engages only nine specific relevant activities.[9][7]
The nine relevant activities that trigger substance are banking, insurance, fund management, finance and leasing, headquarters, shipping, holding-company business, intellectual-property business, and distribution and service-centre business. What the regime does not automatically catch is generic crypto activity: holding your own crypto, running an e-commerce or software business, or trading on own account does not by itself map to a relevant activity. It bites when the activity is fund management or finance and leasing, or where high-risk intellectual property is held. Where it applies, the substance test requires the company to be directed and managed in SVG, with adequate employees, expenditure and physical assets in SVG, and the core income-generating activity conducted there. Pure equity-holding entities face a reduced test. Trusts are outside the regime, and companies that are purely local or at least 60% locally owned are exempt.[9][7]
The substance return is due within four months of the financial-year end (twelve months for transitioning entities). Failure to report can attract a fine of up to USD 100,000 and, in serious cases, imprisonment, with escalating penalties and strike-off risk for continued non-compliance. For the typical reader of this page, substance is a box to confirm you are outside, not a wall: but confirming it deliberately, in writing, is what separates a clean structure from a later problem.[9]
Licensing Pathways from a Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Company
An SVG company is a formation base, not a licence: the FSA regulates virtual-asset business under the Virtual Asset Business Act, 2022, and no longer offers the soft forex-registration route it was once known for. What an SVG entity grants is a low-cost corporate vehicle; what it does not grant is any EU market access or automatic banking credibility.[2][3][4]
SVG Virtual Asset Registration
FSA registration under the Virtual Asset Business Act, 2022. Statutory deposit of EC$100,000 (around USD 37,000) or 25% of client obligations, a local Principal Representative, and on-shore presence. Covered in full on the licensing page.
Forex and Trading Companies
Since January 2023 the FSA requires a certified foreign licence to register a forex-engaged SVG company. There is no standalone SVG forex licence. See the forex licensing guide.
An SVG entity does not confer EU passporting rights, and MiCA contains no third-country equivalence regime; MiCA Article 61 permits third-country firms to serve EU clients only when the client initiates contact entirely on their own initiative. The European Securities and Markets Authority guidelines, applicable from , interpret this restrictively: any EU-targeted marketing, EU-language promotion, geo-targeted advertising, or use of EU-based influencers is solicitation that voids the exemption. For systematic EU market access, the route is a CASP authorisation in an EU member state. For full detail on what counts as solicitation and the documentation required, see Reverse Solicitation Under MiCA →
Advantages and Limitations
SVG offers a genuine low-cost, fast, tax-light offshore base with full foreign ownership and clean list status. The trade-offs are equally real: banking is selective, the entity carries no EU access or regulatory-credibility signal, and the old soft forex route is closed, though every limitation below carries a mitigation.
- Lowest-tier cost. Government fee of USD 125 plus USD 100 a year; all-in Year 1 around USD 2,475 to 2,650.
- Zero tax on foreign income. Territorial model since 2021; no capital gains tax; 100% foreign ownership.
- Fast and fully remote. One to five business days through a licensed agent; no travel; apostille route since 1979.
- Clean list status. Off both the FATF and EU AML and tax lists as of .
- Light substance footprint. The economic substance regime catches only nine activities; most trading and holding BCs sit outside it.
- Selective banking. See the Banking section. Mitigation: pre-qualify banking before formation and prepare a full source-of-funds and substance file; budget weeks to months.
- No EU market access. An SVG company grants no passporting and no EU credibility. Mitigation: Operators targeting EU clients can obtain a separate CASP authorisation in an EU member state (full market access via passporting) or, for isolated genuinely unsolicited contacts only, may fall within the narrow reverse solicitation exemption under MiCA Article 61.
- No soft forex route. Since January 2023 a foreign licence is required to register a forex-engaged company. Mitigation: licence in a jurisdiction that issues a recognised forex authorisation, then use the SVG entity within that structure; see the forex licensing guide.
- Thin regulatory-credibility signal. Counterparties weight SVG below regulated centres. Mitigation: pair the SVG base with a regulated upgrade where credibility is needed, and document substance and ownership cleanly.
- Documentation burden. Apostilled and certified documents are required and have limited validity. Mitigation: prepare certified copies dated within three months and use the agent’s checklist to avoid re-certification delays.
How Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Compares
Within the Eastern Caribbean budget-offshore cluster, SVG competes most directly with Saint Lucia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and Dominica on cost, speed and tax. The British Virgin Islands is the premium upgrade: wider banking acceptance and a heavier substance regime, though currently under FATF and EU-list pressure of its own.
| Factor | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Saint Lucia | Saint Kitts and Nevis | British Virgin Islands |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entity Type | Business Company (BC) | International Business Company | Nevis LLC / IBC | Business Company (BC) |
| Timeline | 1 to 5 days | 1 to 5 days | 1 to 5 days | 3 to 5 days |
| State Fee | USD 100 | USD 400 | ~USD 300 | USD 550 |
| Min. Capital | None | None | None | None |
| Corporate Tax | 0% foreign income | 0% foreign income | 0% foreign income | 0% |
| EU Passporting | No | No | No | No |
| FATF Status | Clear | Clear | Clear | Grey-listed |
| Remote Management | Yes (agent) | Yes (agent) | Yes (agent) | Yes (agent) |
| Crypto Banking | Difficult | Difficult | Difficult | Moderate |
| Best For | Lowest-cost offshore base secured with banking in advance | Light-touch Caribbean base | Nevis asset-protection structuring | Premium offshore with wider acceptance |
Compare every formation jurisdiction side by side →
SVG’s edge in the cluster is price and speed: it is the cheapest government fee of the four and incorporates as fast as any. On banking and credibility it sits level with its Eastern Caribbean peers, all of which face the same correspondent-banking headwind, so the differentiator is execution, not jurisdiction.
BVI is the natural upgrade when banking acceptance matters more than cost, but the trade-off is real: heavier economic substance obligations and, as of , BVI’s own FATF grey-listing and EU AML-list inclusion. For a low-cost holding or structuring base, SVG remains the efficient choice.[12]
When Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Is the Right Choice
Choose SVG if: you want the lowest-cost offshore base in the Eastern Caribbean; your income is foreign-source and you value a territorial 0% position; you can arrange banking deliberately and in advance; and your activity sits outside the nine substance categories.
Consider alternatives if: you need wider banking acceptance (consider BVI); you need EU market access (consider an EU member state with a CASP route); or you need an asset-protection LLC specifically (consider Nevis).
Not sure which column is you? Ask Emma. She compares these jurisdictions in seconds, in your language.
Frequently Asked Questions
Incorporation of a Business Company takes one to five business days through a licensed registered agent, who handles name approval, due diligence and filing with the Financial Services Authority. You do not need to travel; the process is fully remote. The realistic timeline to an operational company is longer, because opening a bank or payment account takes weeks to several months and is the binding step. Start banking in parallel with, or before, formation.
Yes. SVG permits 100% foreign ownership with no local director or local shareholder requirement. The company must maintain a licensed registered agent and a registered office in SVG, both provided by the agent. Formation is fully remote: certified and apostilled identity documents are submitted to the agent, who files with the Financial Services Authority. SVG has been a party to the Hague Apostille Convention since 1979, so documents are legalised by apostille rather than consular legalisation.
The government fee is USD 125 to incorporate and USD 100 a year to maintain. The figure that matters is the all-in cost: roughly USD 2,475 to 2,650 in Year 1 and USD 1,500 to 2,000 a year thereafter, driven by the mandatory licensed registered agent, registered office and document certification rather than the government. Crypto-oriented setups with on-shore presence cost materially more and are covered on the licensing pages. Banking costs are separate. As of June 2026.
A Business Company pays 0% on foreign-source income because SVG operates a territorial tax model, in place since 1 January 2021. There is no capital gains tax. SVG-source income is taxable at the domestic rate, and a BC can make an irrevocable 1% election where a banking counterparty or treaty prefers evidence of a tax rate. A return is still due within three months of the financial-year end even when no tax is payable. As of June 2026.
It can, but expect selectivity. Non-resident-owned Eastern Caribbean entities meet enhanced due diligence, and local banks are generally conservative and not crypto-friendly. Most operational accounts are opened with institutions outside SVG: European or UK-licensed electronic money institutions, fintech-oriented banks in third jurisdictions, and digital-asset-banking specialists for licensed flows. The region has been heavily affected by correspondent-banking withdrawal, which lengthens onboarding. Budget weeks to several months and prepare a full source-of-funds file. As of June 2026.
Two reasons. First, the Eastern Caribbean has been among the regions worst hit by correspondent-banking withdrawal, so institutions apply elevated scrutiny to entities formed there regardless of individual quality. Second, an SVG entity carries no regulatory-credibility signal of the kind an EU or established-financial-centre entity provides. The practical answer is preparation: pre-qualify banking before forming, document beneficial ownership and source of funds thoroughly, and pair the SVG base with a regulated structure where credibility is decisive.
An SVG company does not grant EU market access or passporting rights, and MiCA contains no third-country equivalence regime. MiCA Article 61 permits third-country firms to serve EU clients only where the client initiates contact entirely on their own initiative, and ESMA interprets this very narrowly: any EU-targeted marketing voids the exemption. Operators seeking systematic EU access should obtain a separate CASP authorisation in an EU member state. See our reverse solicitation guide for what counts as solicitation. As of June 2026.
SVG is no longer a soft forex-registration route. Since 6 January 2023 the Financial Services Authority has required a certified copy of the relevant licence from the jurisdiction of operation before it will register a forex-engaged company, and applications without that evidence are rejected. There is no standalone SVG forex licence to obtain. The workable structure is to licence in a jurisdiction that issues a recognised forex authorisation and use the SVG entity within that framework. See the forex licensing guide. As of June 2026.
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References
Show all references
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Financial Services Authority, FSA International Register and Fee Schedule, fsasvg.com, accessed .
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Financial Services Authority, Virtual Asset Businesses, fsasvg.com, accessed .
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Financial Services Authority, Implementation of the Virtual Asset Business Act and Commencement of the Registration Process, fsasvg.com, accessed .
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Financial Services Authority, Requirements for BCs and LLCs Engaging in FOREX Business Activity (6 January 2023), fsasvg.com, accessed .
- Commerce and Intellectual Property Office (CIPO), Company Registration, cipo.gov.vc, accessed .
- Inland Revenue Department, Taxes, ird.gov.vc, accessed .
- Inland Revenue Department, Economic Substance Guidance and Returns, ird.gov.vc, accessed .
- Government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Business Companies (Amendment and Consolidation) Act, primary legislation text (FSA legislation library), fsasvg.com, accessed .
- Government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, International Tax Cooperation (Economic Substance) Act, 2020, ird.gov.vc, accessed .
- Financial Action Task Force, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines country page, fatf-gafi.org, accessed .
- Caribbean Financial Action Task Force (CFATF), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Mutual Evaluation Report 2024, cfatf-gafic.org, accessed .
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- Council of the European Union, EU list of non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes, consilium.europa.eu, accessed .
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- Hague Conference on Private International Law, Apostille Convention status table, hcch.net, accessed .
- World Bank, Withdrawal from Correspondent Banking: Where, Why and What to Do About It (November 2015), worldbank.org, accessed .
- Financial Stability Board, Correspondent Banking Data Report (November 2018), fsb.org, accessed .
- PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, taxsummaries.pwc.com, accessed .
- Government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Official portal, gov.vc, accessed .
- OECD, Standard for Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information (CRS) implementation, oecd.org, accessed .